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© Serbian Statistical Institute |
INTRODUCTION
This study aims to help address the issue of the appropriate use of statistical data in policy development in Serbia. Faced with enterprise restructuring, high unemployment and high levels of social exclusion, as well as the consequences of internal population displacement, the Government of Serbia (GoS) has recognized and acknowledged the need for fundamental reforms in social policy area and the collection of adequate data of social statistics. Reliable household data are scarce in Serbia, with the result that social policy making is put on a precarious basis. The exceptional circumstances of Serbia have left a legacy of immense complexity, in which social groups have become fractured and excluded. A statistically reliable basis for policy making, particularly in the social sphere, is a priority.
Data on poverty and living standards are seen as a part of Information system to support decision making by the GoS and its line Ministries. The public is also keenly interested in poverty data. Therefore poverty data are also crucially important for strategic planning bodies within GoS, and for donors in assessing their strategies in support of the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS).
Poverty data will become part of EU accession agenda: social inclusion indicators (of which poverty is part) are facilitating coordination of social inclusion policies, periodic reporting and monitoring of progress in EU member states. EU's multidimensional characterization of poverty (including outcome indicators for health, education, labour market and access to safety nets) is already part of the PRS in Serbia, and that focus has to be maintained to meet these future demands.
At the time when the PRS was being prepared (2001-2002) the World Bank, together with other donors, facilitated collection of two Living Standards Measurement Studies (LSMS). analysis of the LSMS data by the GoS and the World Bank poverty assessment team constituted the benchmark for PRS objectives. Based on the continued need for poverty data, DFID and the World Bank agreed to fund a further LSMS with the aim of comparing the results against the first two LSMS’s and measure changes in poverty level, creating a time series of data.
The statistical system of Serbia has improved significantly over the previous period. Draft legislation has been prepared for endowing the RSO with mandate, accountability and right to monitor poverty trends in Serbia, identifying the most vulnerable groups of population and the main poverty risk factors. Data accessibility has improved and specifically the LSMS raw data files and accompanying documentation are available via the RSO website. In addition, the LSMS project process has further improved links between statistical authorities and data users.
This report provides a broad picture of the coverage of the LSMS survey and the potential for policy analysis using the data. It deliberately does not report every measure included in the survey but rather is intended to give the reader an understanding of the coverage and potential of the data for analysis. While it is largely descriptive, it is of interest to policy makers, researchers as well as a more general audience. This report is based on the LSMS data from years 2002, 2003 and 2007.
Living Standards Measurements Study Serbia 2002 - 2007
Dragan Vukmirovic, PhD
Introduction
Gorana Krstic
1 Poverty profile in Serbia in the period from 2002-2007
1.1. Key poverty indicators
1.2. Poverty sensitivity to change in poverty line
1.3. Subjective poverty
1.4. Growth incidence curve
1.5. Inequality
1.6. Poverty profile in Serbia
1.7. Regional poverty component
1.8. Labour market status
1.9. Education and demographic features
1.10. Land ownership
1.11. Consumption determinants
1.12. Conclusion
Natasa Mijakovac
2 Income and expenditure
2.1. Welfare aggregates
2.2. Definition of aggregate income
2.3. The structure of income
2.4. The expenditure aggregate
2.5. Conclusion
Vladimir Stankovic
3 Demographic characteristics of the population
3.1. Age and gender
3.2. Marital status
3.3. Activity status
3.4. Household size and composition
3.5. Conclusion
Vladimir Stankovic
4 Migration in Serbia
4.1. Composition of non-movers and migrants by age and gender
4.2. Type of settlement and region
4.3. Ethnicity of non-movers and migrants
4.4. Households according to the migratory characteristics of their members
4.5. Conclusion
Vladimir Stankovic
5 Housing conditions and possesion of durable goods
5.1. Basic housing conditions
5.2. Possession of durable goods
5.3. Types of heating used
5.4. Housing expenditure
5.5. Conclusion
Mirosinka Dinkic
6 Social welfare in Serbia
6.1. SOCIAL WELFARE IN Serbia
6.1.1. Introduction
6.1.2. Social welfare policy and the main benefits
6.1.3. Take up of social benefits
6.1.4. Amounts of benefit received
6.1.5. Targeting and efficiency of the benefit system
6.1.6. The impact of the benefit system on the reduction of poverty
6.1.7. Being informed about social assistance programs and non claimants
6.1.8. Conclusion
6.2. PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
6.2.1. Introduction
6.2.2. Demographic characteristics of PWDs and poverty
6.2.3. Education level and poverty of PWDs
6.2.4. Economic status of PWDs and poverty
6.2.5. PWDs and the labour market
6.2.6. Health care of PWDs
6.2.7. Income and expenditure of PWDs
6.2.8. Social benefits and PWDs
6.2.9. Conclusion
Jasmina Grozdanov
7 Health
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Health Care in Serbia
7.3. State of the Populations Health
7.4. Use of Health Services
7.5. Use of Health Care Services according to type and service-ownership
7.6. Non-use of Health Care Services
7.7. Health insurance
7.8. Health care expenditures
7.9. Conclusions
Snezana Klasnja
8 Education
Introduction
8.1. General data on education
8.1.1. Total population and level of education
8.1.2. Number of educational institutions, beneficiaries and employees / 2002 and 2006
8.1.3. Education of minorities
8.1.4. Education of children with developmental disorders
8.1.5. Quality of educational attainments
8.1.6. General education data obtained in LSMS/2002 and LSMS/2007
8.2. Preschool education
8.2.1. General data
8.2.2. Data from 2002 and 2007 LSMS
8.3. Primary education
8.3.1. General data
8.3.2. Data from 2002 and 2007 LSMS
8.4. Secondary education
8.4.1. General data
8.4.2. Data from 2002 and 2007 LSMS
8.5. Tertiary education and further education of adults
8.5.1. General data
8.5.2. LSMS data
8.5.3. Further education for adults
8.6. Financing of education by various stakeholders
8.6.1. Participation of various levels of government in financing of education
8.6.2. Participation of households in financing of education
8.7. Conclusion
Jelena Milakovic
9 Employment status
9.1. Activity status
9.2. Characteristics of the employed
9.3. Employment in the informal sector
9.4. Transformation from state to private ownership
9.5. Permanent and temporary jobs
9.6. Status in employment
9.7. Employment by activity sector
9.8. Employees and length of service
9.9. Additional job
9.10. Unemployment, definitions and data issues
9.11. The unemployment rate
9.12. Discouraged unemployed and the long term unemployed
9.13. The inactive population
9.14. Earnings and pensions
9.15. Current education
9.16. Conclusions
Bibliography
Natalija Bogdanov
10 Agriculture
10.1. Rural poverty
10.2. Rural poverty in Serbia
10.3. Serbian agricultural households and poverty
10.3.1. Human Resources of the Agricultural Households
10.3.2. Ownership Structure and Physical Capital of Agricultural Households
10.3.3. Diversification of Income and Activities of Members of Agricultural Households
10.3.4. Marketability of Agricultural Households
10.4. Changes of main social and economic indicators of agricultural households 2002-2007
10.5. Conclusion
Bibliography
Rachel Smith–Govoni
11 Water and Sanitation Services (WSS)
11.1. Household access to water
11.2. Access to water in Belgrade
11.3. Water access in smaller towns
11.4. Water access in rural areas
11.5. Reliability of WSS services - quantity
11.6. Coping strategies to improve WSS access
11.7. Strategies to cope with unreliable quality of water
11.8. People’s suggestions for improving water supply
11.9. Payments
11.10. Access to waste water systems
11.11. Sanitation facilities
11.12. Sanitary and solid waste management
11.13. Contact with water suppliers
11.14. Enumeration District Questionnaire
11.15. Irrigation and drainage system in rural areas
11.16. Conclusions
Rachel Smith–Govoni i Gorana Krstic
12 Methodology
11.1. Household access to water
11.2. Access to water in Belgrade
11.3. Water access in smaller towns
11.4. Water access in rural areas
11.5. Reliability of WSS services - quantity
11.6. Coping strategies to improve WSS access
11.7. Strategies to cope with unreliable quality of water
11.8. People’s suggestions for improving water supply
11.9. Payments
11.10. Access to waste water systems
11.11. Sanitation facilities
11.12. Sanitary and solid waste management
11.13. Contact with water suppliers
11.14. Enumeration District Questionnaire
11.15. Irrigation and drainage system in rural areas
11.16. Conclusions
A
Annex (tables)
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